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- **********************************
- * Serum albumin family signature *
- **********************************
-
- Four different serum proteins are known to be evolutionary related [1,2,3]:
-
- - Albumin, the main protein of plasma. It binds water, cations such as Ca++,
- Na+, K+, fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is
- the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood.
- - Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (alpha-fetoglobulin). AFP is a fetal plasma protein
- which also binds various cations, fatty acids and bilirubin.
- - Vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP), also known as group-specific component or
- Gc-globulin.
- - Alpha-albumin, a protein whose biochemical role is not yet characterized.
-
- Structurally, these proteins consist of three homologous domains of about 190
- amino acids. Each domain contains five or six internal disulfide bonds as
- shown in the following schematic representation.
-
- +---+ +----+ +-----+
- | | | | | |
- xxCxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxCCxxCxxxxCxxxxxCCxxxCxxxxxxxxxCxxxxxxxxxxxxxxCCxxxxCxxxx
- | | | | | ***|********
- +-----------------+ +-----+ +---------------+
-
- 'C': conserved cysteine involved in a disulfide bond.
- '*': position of the pattern.
-
- The signature pattern we derived is based on three conserved cysteines at the
- end of the domain. We built it in such a way that it can detect all 3 repeats
- in albumin, the first two in AFP and the first one in VDBP and alpha-albumin.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [FY]-x(6)-C-C-x(7)-C-[LFY]-x(6)-[LIVMFYW]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: human and rat CD63/AD-1 antigen.
- -Last update: June 1994 / Text revised.
-
- [ 1] Haefliger D.N., Moskaitis J.E., Schoenberg D.R., Wahli W.
- J. Mol. Evol. 29:344-354(1989).
- [ 2] Schoentgen F., Metz-Boutigue M.-H., Jolles J., Constans J., Jolles P.
- Biochim. Biophys. Acta 871:189-198(1986).
- [ 3] Belanger L., Roy S., Allard D.
- J. Biol. Chem. 269:5481-5484(1994).
-